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Separation of church and state in the United States
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Contents [hide]
1 Early history
1.1 Former state churches in British North America
1.1.1 Protestant colonies
1.1.2 Catholic colonies
1.1.3 Colonies with no established church
1.1.4 Tabular Summary
1.2 Colonial support for separation
1.3 Jefferson, Madison, and the "wall of separation"
1.4 Patrick Henry, Massachusetts, and Connecticut
1.5 Test acts
2 Article 6 of the United States Constitution
3 Bill of Rights
4 The 14th Amendment
5 The Treaty of Tripoli
6 The Age of Reason by Thomas Paine
7 Supreme Court since 1947
8 Interpretive controversies
8.1 Politics and religion in the United States
9 See also
10 References
11 Bibliography
12 External links
12.1 American court battles over separation
12.2 Other
The separation of church and state is a legal and political principle derived from various documents of several of the Founders of the United States. The First Amendment to the United States Constitution reads "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof . . ." The modern concept is often credited to the writings of English philosopher John Locke, but the phrase "separation of church and state" is generally traced to an 1802 letter by Thomas Jefferson to the Danbury Baptists, where Jefferson spoke of the combined effect of the Establishment Clause and the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment. His purpose in this letter was to assuage the fears of the Danbury, Connecticut Baptists, and so he told them that this wall had been erected to protect them. The metaphor was intended, as The U.S. Supreme Court has currently interpreted it since 1947, to mean that religion and government must stay separate for the benefit of both, including the idea that the government must not impose religion on Americans nor create any law requiring it. It has since been in several opinions handed down by the United States Supreme Court,[1] though the Court has not always fully embraced the principle.[2][3][4][5][6]







